Title
Trophic interactions between the Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) and Royal and Cayenne terns (Thalasseus maximus maximus and T. sandvicensis eurygnathus) in a human modified environment
Author(s)
Marinao, Cristian;Suárez, Nicolás;Yorio, Pablo
Published
2019
Publisher
Canadian Journal of Zoology
Abstract
Many closely related seabirds nest in mixed colonies, and this association may result in interspecific interactions such as competition for common resources and kleptoparasitism. Trophic interactions were evaluated between Kelp Gulls (Larus dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1823) and Royal and Cayenne terns (Thalasseus maximus maximus Boddaert, 1783 and T. sandvicensis eurygnathus Latham, 1787) nesting at a mixed-species colony in an area with high availability of recreational fishery waste for the opportunistic Kelp Gull. Diet analyses were based on gull chick stomach content samples and direct observations of food delivered to tern chicks in 2013 and 2014, complemented in 2014 with carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of chick whole blood samples. Main prey of Kelp gull chicks was Cynoscion guatucupa Cuvier, 1830, a demersal species obtained from recreational fishery waste, Engraulis anchoita Hubbs and Marini, 1935 and insects. Main prey of both tern species were E. anchoita and Odontesthes spp. Trophic niche and isotopic niche overlap between the Kelp Gull and Royal and Cayenne terns was low. Kelp Gull kleptoparasitism on Royal and Cayenne terns was <2.5% and <0.6%, respectively. The use of anthropogenic food subsidies by Kelp Gulls may be mediating the trophic relationships among species, favouring their use of predictable and abundant fishery waste over a more unpredictable pelagic schooling fish such as E. anchoita.
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PUB24836