Title
Towards a reliable assessment of Asian elephant population parameters: The application of photographic spatial capture–recapture sampling in a priority floodplain ecosystem
Author(s)
Goswami, Varun R.;Yadava, Mahendra K.;Vasudev, Divya;Prasad, Parvathi K.;Sharma, Pragyan;Jathanna, Devcharan
Published
2019
Publisher
Scientific Reports
Abstract
The hitherto difficult task of reliably estimating populations of wide-ranging megafauna has been enabled by advances in capture–recapture methodology. Here we combine photographic sampling with a Bayesian spatially-explicit capture–recapture (SCR) model to estimate population parameters for the endangered Asian elephant Elephas maximus in the productive floodplain ecosystem of Kaziranga National Park, India. Posterior density estimates of herd-living adult females and sub-adult males and females (herd-adults) was 0.68 elephants/km2 (95% Credible Intervals, CrI = 0.56−0.81) while that of adult males was 0.24 elephants/km2 (95% CrI = 0.18−0.30), with posterior density estimates highlighting spatial heterogeneity in elephant distribution. Estimates of the space-usage parameter suggested that herd-adults ($${\hat{\sigma }}_{HA}$$σˆHA = 5.91 km, 95% CrI = 5.18–6.81) moved around considerably more than adult males ($${\hat{\sigma }}_{AM}$$σˆAM = 3.64 km, 95% CrI = 3.09–4.34). Based on elephant movement and age–sex composition, we derived the population that contributed individuals sampled in Kaziranga to be 908 herd-adults, 228 adult males and 610 young (density = 0.46 young/km2, SD = 0.06). Our study demonstrates how SCR is suited to estimating geographically open populations, characterising spatial heterogeneity in fine-scale density, and facilitating reliable monitoring to assess population status and dynamics for science and conservation.
Keywords
Asian elephants;spatial capture-recapture;population
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