Title
Draft Towards a Sustainable, Participatory and Inclusive Wild Meat Sector Technical Report (support to the pre-session document UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/21/3)
Author(s)
Coad, L.;Fa, J. E.;Abernathy, K.;van Vliet, N.;Santamaria, C.;Wilkie, D.;El Bizri, H. R.;Ingram, D. J.;Cawthorn, D.;Nasi, R.
Published
2017
Abstract
Terrestrial animals, freshwater and marine fish, and in some situations invertebrates, are important protein sources, and contribute to the food security of millions of people across the world. In tropical and sub-tropical regions, the hunting of land mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates (e.g. snails and insects, including honey harvesting) is often for food (Fa et al. 2003). Other benefits include raw materials such as hides (Antunes et al. 2016), medicines or substances traditionally considered to have medicinal value (NtiamoaBaidu 1997; Alves & Rosa 2005; Van Vliet et al. 2017), pets (e.g. Carpenter et al. 2004), personal enjoyment (Wilkie & Carpenter 1999), and traditional customs (Coad, 2009). ‘Bushmeat’ has been used to refer to the ‘meat of African wild animals as food’ (per the Oxford English Dictionary). In this report, we use the term ‘wild meat’, as adopted by the IUCN–World Conservation Union General Assembly Resolution 2.64 (October 2000), to refer to terrestrial wildlife used for food in all parts of the world, not only Africa. Coupled to this, we also use the CBD’s (2012) definition of wild meat hunting as ‘the harvesting of wild animals in tropical and sub-tropical countries for food and for non-food purposes, including for medicinal use’ (UNEP/CBD/COP/DEC/XI/25 and Report prepared for the CBD Bushmeat Liaison Group for CBD COP11). Wild animal harvesting can be broadly classified into three categories: subsistence, commercial, and recreational (Fig. 1). In subsistence harvesting, the benefits obtained from wildlife (particularly food) are directly consumed or used by, and play a very significant role in the subsistence of the harvester and its family (Peres 2000). In legal terms, subsistence hunting is often defined as hunting for own consumption only (e.g. Colombia), but sometimes includes the local sale of surplus (e.g Central Africa). In contrast, commercial harvesting takes place when most of the products are sold for profit (e.g. caiman meat trade; Silveira & Thorbjarnarson 1999; kangaroo meat trade (Herckock and Tonts, 2004)). In many countries, laws exist that forbid hunting in certain areas or seasons, and that ban the harvest of selected vulnerable species. However, enforcement of these laws varies considerably between countries and regions.
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